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In other words, it is a gamble. .

The difficulty level of the most recent block at the time of writing is about 7,184,404,942,701. In other words, the chance of a computer producing a hash below the target is just 1 in 7,184,404,942,701 less than 1 in seven trillion. That amount is adjusted every 2016 cubes, or about every 2 weeks, with the aim of keeping rates of mining constant.

The reverse is also true. If computational power has been taken from the network, the problem adjusts downward to make mining easier. .

"Say I tell three friends I'm thinking about a number between 1 and 100, and I write that number on a piece of paper and seal it in an envelope. My friends don't need to guess the specific number, they simply must be the first person to guess any number that's less than or equal to this number I am thinking of.

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"Let us say I'm thinking about the number 19. If Friend A guesses 21, they shed because 21>19. If Friend B guesses 16 and Friend C guesses 12, then they have both theoretically arrived at workable answers, because 16<19 and 12<19. There is no'extra credit' for Friend B, even though B's answer was closer to the goal answer of 19. .

"Now imagine that I present the'guess what number I am thinking of' question, but I am not asking just 3 friends, and I'm not thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Instead, I'm asking millions of prospective miners and I'm thinking of a 64-digit hexadecimal number. Now you see that it's going to be quite hard to guess the right answer." .

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If 1 in 7 trillion doesn't sound hard enough as is, here's the catch to the grab. Not only do bitcoin miners have to come up with the ideal hash, they also have to be the very first to do it.

Because bitcoin mining is essentially guesswork, arriving at the ideal answer before another miner has almost everything to do with how fast your computer can produce hashes. Only a decade ago, bitcoin miners can be performed competitively read this post here on normal desktops. Over time, however, miners realized that graphics cards commonly utilized for video games tend to be more effective at mining than desktops and graphics processing units (GPU) came to dominate the match.

These can run from $500 into the tens of thousands. .

Today, bitcoin mining is so competitive it can only be done profitably using all the most up-to-date ASICs. When using desktop computers, GPUs, or older versions of ASICs, the expense of energy consumption actually exceeds the revenue generated. Even with the newest unit available, one pc is rarely enough to compete with what what miners call"mining pools" .

An mining pool is a group of miners that combine their computing ability and split the mined bitcoin between participants. A disproportionately large number of blocks are mined by pools rather than by individual miners. In July 2017, mining pools and companies represented approximately 80% to 90 percent of bitcoin computing power. .

Between 1 in 7 trillion odds, scaling difficulty levels, and also the huge network of users verifying transactions, one block of transactions is verified roughly every 10 minutes. But its important to remember that 10 minutes is a target, not a rule.

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The bitcoin network can process about seven transactions per second, with transactions being logged in the blockchain every 10 minutes. As the network of bitcoin users continues to grow, however, the number of transactions made in 10 minutes will eventually exceed the number of transactions which can be processed in 10 minutes.

This dilemma at the center of the bitcoin protocol is known as scaling. Even though bitcoin miners generally agree that something has to be done in order to deal with scaling, there is less consensus regarding how can it. At the time of writing, there are two major solutions to the scaling problem, either (1) to lower the amount of data needed to confirm each block or (2) to increase the number reference of transactions that every block can save.

Solution 2 will deal with scaling by allowing for more information to be processed every 10 minutes. .

In July 2017, bitcoin miners and mining companies representing roughly 80% to 90% of their networks computing electricity required to incorporate a program that would decrease the amount of data needed to verify each block. That is, they went with Solution 1.

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The app which miners voted to click resources add to the bitcoin protocol is called a segregated witness, or SegWit. This term is an amalgamation of Segregated, meaning to separate, and Witness, which describes signatures on a bitcoin transaction. Segregated Witness, then, means to separate transaction signatures from a block and attach them within an extended block.